Hebräisches Alphabet für Anfänger
Diese Tabelle zeigt Aussprache, Transliteration, gedruckte und handschriftliche Buchstaben, Endformen, Niqqud, Zahlenwerte und Tasten.
- Hebräische Buchstaben
- Endformen
- Niqqud und Vokalzeichen
- Aussprache
- Zahlenwerte
- Tasten
ך ם ן ף ץ
Final forms: The letters כ מ נ פ צ change their shape at the end of a word, but keep their alphabet position and basic sound.
| Buchstabe | Endform | Handschrift | Name | Transliteration | Laut | Zahl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 01 א א | — | א | Aleph | ʾ | usually has no sound of its own | 1 |
| 02 ב ב | — | ב | Bet | b / v | [b] with dagesh, [v] without dagesh | 2 |
| 03 ג ג | — | ג | Gimel | g | [g] | 3 |
| 04 ד ד | — | ד | Dalet | d | [d] | 4 |
| 05 ה ה | — | ה | He | h | soft [h], or silent at the end | 5 |
| 06 ו ו | — | ו | Vav | v / o / u | [v], also marks [o] and [u] | 6 |
| 07 ז ז | — | ז | Zayin | z | [z] | 7 |
| 08 ח ח | — | ח | Het | kh | guttural [kh] | 8 |
| 09 ט ט | — | ט | Tet | t | [t] | 9 |
| 10 י י | — | י | Yod | y / i | [y], also marks [i] | 10 |
| 11 כ כ | ך ך | ך כ | Kaf | k / kh | [k] with dagesh, [kh] without dagesh | 20 |
| 12 ל ל | — | ל | Lamed | l | [l] | 30 |
| 13 מ מ | ם ם | ם מ | Mem | m | [m] | 40 |
| 14 נ נ | ן ן | ן נ | Nun | n | [n] | 50 |
| 15 ס ס | — | ס | Samekh | s | [s] | 60 |
| 16 ע ע | — | ע | Ayin | ʿ | usually silent in modern Hebrew | 70 |
| 17 פ פ | ף ף | ף פ | Pe | p / f | [p] with dagesh, [f] without dagesh | 80 |
| 18 צ צ | ץ ץ | ץ צ | Tsadi | ts | [ts] | 90 |
| 19 ק ק | — | ק | Qof | k | [k] | 100 |
| 20 ר ר | — | ר | Resh | r | [r] | 200 |
| 21 ש ש | — | ש | Shin | sh / s | [sh] with a dot on the right, [s] with a dot on the left | 300 |
| 22 ת ת | — | ת | Tav | t | [t] | 400 |
Signs are shown on the letter ב. They are written below, above, or inside a letter and indicate the vowel sound.
| Zeichen | Name | Laut | Beispiel | Lesung |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sheva and hatafs No vowel or a very short vowel. | ||||
| בְ | Shevaשְׁוָא | no vowel / short [e] | שְׁמִי | shmi |
| בֱ | Hataf segolחֲטַף סֶגּוֹל | short [e] | אֱמֶת | emet |
| בֲ | Hataf patahחֲטַף פַּתַח | short [a] | אֲנִי | ani |
| בֳ | Hataf kamatzחֲטַף קָמָץ | short [o] | אֳנִיָּה | oniya |
| Vowel signs Dots and strokes below or above a letter. | ||||
| בִ | Hiriqחִירִיק | [i] | שִׁיר | shir |
| בֵ | Tsereצֵירֵי | [e] / [ey] | בֵּית | beyt |
| בֶ | Segolסֶגּוֹל | [e] | סֶפֶר | sefer |
| בַ | Patahפַּתַח | [a] | יַד | yad |
| בָ | Kamatzקָמָץ | usually [a] | דָּג | dag |
| בׇ | Kamatz katanקָמָץ קָטָן | [o] | כׇּל | kol |
| בֹ | Holam haserחוֹלָם חָסֵר | [o] | רֹאשׁ | rosh |
| בֻ | Qubutzקֻבּוּץ | [u] | שֻׁלְחָן | shulkhan |
| Vowel with ו The letter vav with a dot marks [o] or [u]. | ||||
| וֹ | Holam maleחוֹלָם מָלֵא | [o] | אוֹר | or |
| וּ | Shurukשׁוּרוּק | [u] | שׁוּק | shuk |
| Consonant signs Dots clarify the consonant reading. | ||||
| בּ | Dageshדָּגֵשׁ | changes or strengthens a consonant | בַּיִת | bayit |
| הּ | Mappiqמַפִּיק | final ה is pronounced as [h] | בָּהּ | bah |
| שׁ | Shin dotשִׁין יְמָנִית | [sh] | שָׁלוֹם | shalom |
| שׂ | Sin dotשִׂין שְׂמָאלִית | [s] | יִשְׂרָאֵל | yisrael |
Cantillation marks, which define the melody of biblical reading, belong to a separate system and are not shown here.